On December 10, 2009, Act to Implement the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights took effect in ROC.  The domestication of these two international covenants marked further progress by ROC in terms of human rights protection.  The symposium invited renowned professors from Ireland, USA, Germany, Japan and Canada to share their valuable experiences in implementing these two covenants in their countries.  The comparative and empirical researches were expected to be references for Taiwan to implement the International Bill of Human Rights.